An Overview of the Freshwater Crabs (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) of the Western Ghats, India

 

Abstract

The Western Ghats has been well studied for freshwater crabs among the regions of the Indian subcontinent. Several studies on the Western Ghats crabs notwithstanding, their actual diversity is still incompletely known. The previous data on their diversity seems to be erroneous. The freshwater crabs of the Western Ghats are revisited to update the information on their diversity, distribution, endemism, and conservation, which include 888 locality records from 46 publications. The updated data comprises 62 crab species in 18 genera of the family Gecarcinucidae, including recognition of two new records from the Western Ghats: Oziotelphusa biloba and Oziotelphusa ravi. The Western Ghats crabs contribute nearly half the diversity of the Indian freshwater crabs and more than two-thirds the diversity of the Indian gecarcinucid crabs. Nearly two-thirds crab species of the Western Ghats have been reported during the last two decades. The Southern Western Ghats is relatively rich in crab diversity as compared to the Northern- and Central Western Ghats. Nearly one-third crab species of the Western Ghats are found above the average elevation and seven species above 2000 m altitude. Among the crab genera of the Western Ghats, Sahyadriana is the most species-rich followed by Ghatiana, Vanni, and Travancoriana. Although the Western Ghats crabs possess high-level endemism (67% endemic genera and 82% endemic species), only two species have been considered as ‘Vulnerable’ and seven species as ‘Least Concern’ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; the remaining species are either ‘Data Deficient’ or not assessed yet.


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