Juniper Publishers-Oceanography Open Access Journal

  Juniper Publishers -  Journal of Oceanography Abstract Coastal urbanization is often accompanied by the replacement of natural substrata by artificial structures, which causes coastal habitat modifications, losses of species richness, diversity and microhabitats diversity and favours the settlement of non-native species. The impact that coastal defence structures cause in the intertidal community is further favoured by the anthropic pressures produced in heavily populated areas (such as pollution or the collection of intertidal organisms). Among these, the effect of artificial lights on intertidal communities is practically unknown, even though that the behaviour of many intertidal vagile organisms is synchronized with circatidal and circadian rhythms. Considering that large areas of natural and artificial habitats are exposed to artificial illumination, this review exposes the current knowledge in this matter in order to evaluate the importance of this disregarded impact. Nocturnal

  Juniper Publishers -  Journal of Oceanography Abstract Pakistani fisheries sector is a victim of “the tragedy of the commons”. This sector performance matches with the description of Gordon-Schaefer Model. Therefore, in this study maximum economic harvest levels of  B. spirata  from Sindh, Pakistan are estimated by using maximum sustainable yield (MSY) proxy for maximum economic yield (MEY). For this purpose, fishery input (effort) and fishery output (catch) data of  B. spirata  is analyzed by using two specialized fishery software CEDA (catch and effort data analysis) and ASPIC (a stock production model incorporating covariates). Three surplus production models viz. Fox Model, Schaefer Model and Pella-Tomlinson Model were used in CEDA along with three error assumptions viz. normal error assumption, log normal error assumption and gamma error assumption. Whereas, in ASPIC two surplus production models viz. Fox Model and Logistic Model were employed for data analysis. MSY estimates fo

  Juniper Publishers -  Journal of Oceanography Opinion Offshore aquaculture is the practice of marine farming where the fish farm cages are placed further from the shores into deeper ocean areas. This helps in increasing the size of farms, reduces danger of accidents with marine traffic and the waste from cage is easily washed away with stronger currents in the open ocean. One major disadvantage is that such a cage requires sophisticated technology and large investments. India has over 8000 km of coastline with great potential for development of mariculture. The exclusive economic zones which can extend up to at least 200 nautical miles from the coast, as shown in (Figure 1) (left), gives India a vast area for developing mariculture. Most of this potential remains underutilized as the locals and regional authorities lack the technical know-how and transfer of technology from academia to industry and local companies is extremely poor. Offshore cage design present considerable challenge

  Juniper Publishers -  Journal of Oceanography Abstract The U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has a congressional mandate and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) both have mandates to assess oceanic wind and oceanic wave energy and power resources and impacts; both structural and potentially ecological. Oceanic offshore winds and waves are viewed as being relatively steady sources of energy. However assessments of the amount of the wind resources and wave resources in U.S. coastal and oceanic environments have not been evaluated and have only been estimated by several rudimentary modeling efforts. As such, there are many National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Marine Buoys which have collected considerable data on both wind and waves that can be harvested and evaluated for in-situ observations. Also the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) is charged with the development of